If you’re an avid hiker and lover of ancient civilizations, then hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a must-do on your travel bucket list. Located in Peru, Machu Picchu is one of the most iconic and well-preserved archaeological sites in the world. Known as the “Lost City of the Incas,” it was built in the 15th century by the Inca civilization and was only discovered by outsiders in 1911.
To reach this incredible site, there are various routes and modes of transportation available, but nothing can compare to the rewarding experience of trekking the Inca Trail. This 26-mile (43 kilometers) trail through the Andes mountains not only offers stunning views and a challenging hike, but it also allows you to immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the Inca people. In this blog post, we will dive into the details of hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, from its history to planning and preparation, and of course, the day-by-day journey on the trail itself.
History of the Inca Trail
Before we delve into the logistics of hiking the Inca Trail, it’s important to understand the significance and history behind this ancient path. The Inca Trail, also known as Camino del Inca, was once a key route used by the Inca civilization to access their sacred city, Machu Picchu. This network of trails stretched across the Andes mountains and connected major settlements within the Inca empire.
The Inca people were master builders and engineers, and they constructed the Inca Trail with precision and expertise. The trail features stone pathways, staircases, tunnels, and even suspension bridges, all built using traditional Inca techniques. It’s estimated that around 60,000 people would have used this trail each year during the peak of the Inca civilization.
Despite its significance, the Inca Trail was lost and forgotten for centuries after the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century. It wasn’t until American historian Hiram Bingham discovered Machu Picchu in 1911 that the trail was rediscovered and recognized as a major archaeological site. Today, the Inca Trail is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most popular hiking trails in the world.
Planning and Preparation
Hiking the Inca Trail is not an easy feat and requires careful planning and preparation. Here are some key things to keep in mind before embarking on this adventure:
Permits
Due to the high volume of tourists, only a limited number of permits are available each day for hiking the Inca Trail. These permits are required for all trekkers, regardless of which tour company you choose. It’s important to book your permit well in advance (usually around 6 months) to secure your spot on the trail.
Physical Fitness
The Inca Trail is a challenging trek with steep ascents and descents, high altitudes, and long distances. It’s essential to be physically fit and prepared for the hike. It’s recommended to train for at least two months prior to the trip, focusing on cardiovascular exercises and strength training.
Acclimatization
The highest point on the Inca Trail is Dead Woman’s Pass at 13,829 feet (4,215 meters), so it’s crucial to acclimatize to the high altitude before starting the trek. It’s recommended to spend a few days in Cusco, the nearest city to Machu Picchu, to allow your body to adjust to the altitude.
Gear and Supplies
As you will be spending multiple days on the trail, it’s important to pack the right gear and supplies. Some essentials include a sturdy backpack, comfortable hiking boots, sleeping bag, warm clothing, rain gear, and a first aid kit. It’s also important to bring enough water and food for the entire trek, as there are limited opportunities to purchase supplies along the way.
Tour Company
While it is possible to hike the Inca Trail independently, it’s highly recommended to go with a tour company. These companies will handle all of the logistics, including permits, transportation, camping equipment, and meals, allowing you to focus on the hike itself. It’s important to do thorough research and choose a reputable and responsible tour company that respects the environment and supports local communities.
Day-by-Day Journey on the Trail
Now that you’re well-prepared and have your permit in hand, it’s time to embark on the journey of a lifetime. The classic Inca Trail trek is a 4-day, 3-night trip, covering a total distance of 26 miles (43 kilometers). Here is a breakdown of what to expect each day:
Day 1: Cusco to Wayllabamba
The trek begins early in the morning with a scenic bus ride from Cusco to Piscacucho, the starting point of the trail. After passing through the control checkpoint, you will cross a suspension bridge over the Urubamba River and start the ascent towards the first archaeological site, Llactapata. The trail continues through lush forests and agricultural terraces until reaching the village of Wayllabamba, where you will camp for the night.
Day 2: Wayllabamba to Pacaymayo
This is considered the most challenging day of the trek as you ascend to Dead Woman’s Pass, the highest point of the trail. Along the way, you will pass by beautiful landscapes, see llamas and alpacas roaming freely, and make frequent stops to rest and take in the breathtaking views. After reaching the top of the pass, the trail descends to the campsite at Pacaymayo.
Day 3: Pacaymayo to Wiñay Wayna
On this day, you will hike through the cloud forest, passing by three major archaeological sites – Runkurakay, Sayacmarca, and Phuyupatamarca. Each of these sites offers a glimpse into the ancient Inca civilization and its impressive architecture. The trail then continues through tunnels and hanging bridges until reaching the final campsite at Wiñay Wayna.
Day 4: Wiñay Wayna to Machu Picchu
The last day of the trek starts before dawn as you make your way to the Sun Gate (Inti Punku) to catch the first rays of sunlight hitting Machu Picchu. From here, you will descend towards the entrance of the iconic ancient city. After a guided tour of Machu Picchu, you can explore the site on your own or opt to climb Huayna Picchu for a different perspective of the famous citadel. The trek concludes with a bus ride down to the town of Aguas Calientes where you can relax, soak in hot springs, and celebrate completing the Inca Trail.
Arrival at Machu Picchu
As you enter Machu Picchu, it’s hard not to be overwhelmed by the sheer beauty and grandeur of this ancient city. Surrounded by lush green mountains and clouds, it truly feels like stepping back in time. Here are some highlights to look out for during your visit:
Temple of the Sun
One of the most impressive structures in Machu Picchu is the Temple of the Sun, also known as the Torreon. This semi-circular building is believed to have been used for astronomical purposes, as it aligns perfectly with the sun during the winter solstice.
Intihuatana Stone
Translated to “Hitching Post of the Sun,” this carved stone is a popular spot for photos. It’s believed that the Incas used this stone as a sundial and for astronomical observations.
Temple of the Three Windows
One of the most iconic structures in Machu Picchu, the Temple of the Three Windows offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. It’s believed to have been used for religious ceremonies and to honor the sun, moon, and stars.
Agricultural Terraces
The Incas were skilled farmers and were able to grow crops on steep mountainsides by constructing impressive terraces. These terraces not only served as a way to grow food, but they also helped prevent erosion and landslides in the area.
Huayna Picchu
If you’re feeling adventurous, consider hiking to the top of Huayna Picchu, the towering mountain that serves as a backdrop for Machu Picchu. This hike involves steep stairs and narrow pathways, but the view from the top is worth it.
Conclusion and Reflections
Hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is an adventure of a lifetime that combines breathtaking landscapes, challenging physical activity, and rich history and culture. As you trek through the Andes mountains, you can’t help but feel a sense of connection with the ancient Inca civilization and their remarkable achievements. Standing atop Machu Picchu, it’s hard not to be humbled by the incredible feat of engineering and the beauty of this sacred site.
As with any popular tourist destination, it’s important to practice responsible and sustainable tourism while visiting Machu Picchu. This includes following Leave No Trace principles, supporting local communities, and respecting the rules and regulations set in place to preserve the site for future generations.
Hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is an unforgettable experience that will leave you with a deeper appreciation for nature, history, and the human spirit. So lace up your hiking boots, pack your backpack, and get ready to embark on an epic journey through the Andes to the ancient city of Machu Picchu.
